An AC-to-DC converter is an electronic device that converts alternating current (AC) power into direct current (DC) power. AC power is typically generated by power plants and distributed to homes and businesses through power lines. However, many electronic devices require DC power to operate, such as computers, televisions, and cell phone chargers.

AC-to-DC converters work by taking the AC power input and passing it through a rectifier, which converts the AC waveform into a pulsating DC waveform. The resulting waveform contains both positive and negative voltage values. To make it a smooth DC waveform, a filter is used to remove the unwanted AC components and smooth the waveform into a steady DC output.

There are various types of AC-to-DC converters, including linear regulators, switch-mode power supplies, and DC-DC converters. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, and is suited for different applications.